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遙感輻射定標(biāo)解決方案

概述與原理
解決方案
資料庫

在遙感領(lǐng)域,輻射定標(biāo)對(duì)遙感工作的結(jié)果非常重要,遙感用的光譜成像系統(tǒng)需要定期標(biāo)定。

輻射定標(biāo)的原理

?反射率法:

在衛(wèi)星過頂時(shí)同步測(cè)量地面目標(biāo)反射率因子和大氣光學(xué)參量(如大氣光學(xué)厚度、大氣柱水汽含量等)然后利用大氣輻射傳輸模型計(jì)算出遙感器入瞳處輻射亮度值。

具有較高的精度。

?輻亮度法:

采用經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格光譜與輻射標(biāo)定的輻射計(jì),通過航空平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)與衛(wèi)星遙感器觀測(cè)幾何相似的同步測(cè)量,把機(jī)載輻射計(jì)測(cè)量的輻射度作為已知量,去標(biāo)定飛行中遙感器的輻

射量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)衛(wèi)星的標(biāo)定,最后輻射校正系數(shù)的誤差以輻射計(jì)的定標(biāo)誤差為主。僅僅需要對(duì)飛行高度以上的大氣進(jìn)行校正,回避了底層大氣的校正誤差,有利于提高精度。

輻照度法:

又稱改進(jìn)的反射率法,利用地面測(cè)量的向下漫射與總輻射度值來確定衛(wèi)星遙感器高度的表觀反射率,進(jìn)而確定出遙感器入瞳處輻射亮度,。這種方法是使用解析近似方法來計(jì)算反射率,從而可大大縮減計(jì)算時(shí)間和計(jì)算復(fù)雜性。

輻射定標(biāo)的分類

輻射定標(biāo)按照定標(biāo)位置不同可分為三類,分別是實(shí)驗(yàn)室定標(biāo)、機(jī)上和星上定標(biāo)、場(chǎng)地定標(biāo)

解決方案

光傲科技提供從實(shí)驗(yàn)室到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的各種定標(biāo)用輻射度計(jì)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈、靶標(biāo)用于遙感領(lǐng)域的光譜輻射定標(biāo),波長(zhǎng)范圍覆蓋從紫外到中遠(yuǎn)紅外波段。

  • 成像光譜儀的系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)校正:采用OL 750 探測(cè)器光譜響應(yīng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng),對(duì)成像光譜系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同波段波長(zhǎng)的靈敏度進(jìn)行精確測(cè)定
  • 全系列積分球均勻光源提供最高精度、追溯 NIST 的光譜輻射亮度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)源,亮度可調(diào),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)成像光譜儀的系統(tǒng)定標(biāo),以及線性測(cè)試
  • 最全系列的光譜輻射照度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈,實(shí)現(xiàn)輻射照度法的輻射定標(biāo)傳遞。
  • 提供各種遙感靶標(biāo),覆蓋從紫外可見波段到中遠(yuǎn)紅外
  • 提供漫反射涂層,用于制作大面積野外遙感靶標(biāo)
  • 便攜式光譜輻射度計(jì),用于野外現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的輻射定標(biāo)

特別推薦: OL 756 是全球唯一可以便攜使用的雙單色儀結(jié)構(gòu)光譜輻射度計(jì)!

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Example 36" square target using grey Avian D, nominal 30% reflectance

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輻射度計(jì)及其在印度洪水中監(jiān)測(cè)中的作用/Radiometers & Their Role in Measuring India’s Floods

Scientists around the world were able to gather a substantial amount of data during a period of deadly floods in India in late 2015. Through the use of satellites and their onboard?radiometers, the space agency collected vast amounts of information regarding the storms that caused the flooding.

Two slow-moving tropical low-pressure systems caused extreme rainfall and resultant severe flooding in southeastern India. Death reports due to the flooding reached 70. But as the two systems dumped their significant payloads, NASA and its global partners recorded the data with multiple satellites.

Using a Dozen Satellites

NASA used what’s called?Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM?(IMERG) to combine data from 12 satellites, including:

  • DMSP (Defense Mapping Satellite Program) satellites from the U.S. Department of Defense.
  • GCOM-W from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
  • Megha-Tropiques from the Centre National D’etudies Spatiales (CNES) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
  • NOAA series from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
  • Suomi-NPP from NOAA-NASA.
  • MetOps from the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT).

All the?radiometers?on board each of the 12 satellites are inter-calibrated with information from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory’s GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). The GPM data is public and is accessible?here.

Other Catastrophes

Earlier in 2015, IMERG data recorded an incident of extremely heavy bicoastal rainfall in Australia due to Cyclone Quang impacting the northwestern portion of Australia and another low-pressure system over the country’s southeastern regions. This event caused at least four deaths. In another instance, IMERG data captured historic rainfall levels in North and South Carolina, as well as the Bahamas, because of Hurricane Joaquin. The list goes on and on; you can see current IMERG readings?here.

Perhaps soon, scientists will be able to do even more with data in terms of early warnings and other preventive measures. In the meantime, Gooch & Housego will continue to supply researchers and scientists with the very best photonic and?radiometer?technology. For more information, call Gooch & Housego today at 800-899-3171.



 
 
海洋表面溫度遙感監(jiān)測(cè)與輻射定標(biāo)

Did you realize that the sea surface temperature affects the Earth’s atmosphere? Not only can ocean temperatures contribute to the study of global warming, but they also can influence the formation of major storm events. Interestingly, a lot of what we know about how our oceans change comes from information gathered by satellites in our planet’s orbit. These satellites collect data on the amount of light the oceans emit and reflect to keep track of surface temperatures through ocean-color radiometry. And as you likely would expect, propercalibration services, including the detection equipment, is crucial.

The enormous amount of data involved is delivered from multiple satellite sensors over decades of time to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), an automated radiometric system bobbing in the waters of the Pacific Ocean off Hawaii.

Of course, the instruments and data-collection system on MOBY itself has to be thoroughly characterized and calibrated, a complicated job for many reasons. Radiometric cross checks help provide robust traceability to the International System of Units (SI). What’s more, a three-month-long rotation of duplicate systems makes it possible to perform scheduled maintenance and repairs on MOBY.

While MOBY has long exceeded its expected lifespan, it continues to provide critical data and is expected to keep doing so for the foreseeable future. The fact that it still can provide accurate data is due to the rigorous calibration efforts employed by the buoy’s caretakers.

Calibration is of vital importance when dealing with your sensitive data. Therefore, it makes sense to ensure your technology is properly calibrated. With more than four decades of experience in photonics system design and manufacturing, Gooch & Housego has a global reputation as?the?expert in spectroradiometry for both instrumentation and calibration services, measurements from 200 nm to 30 μm in particular. They offer full product engineering, design, and manufacturing quick-turn capabilities, with specialized expertise in opto-mechanics and photonics systems. Gooch & Housego’s staff of expert engineers have many years of experience with demanding commercial product delivery, as well as custom-designed and OEM solutions. Call 光傲科技?today at 400-921-9858 to talk about your needs for?calibration services.



 
 
美國(guó) NIST 輻射定標(biāo):從地球到太空

NASA?and the?National Institute of Standards and Technology?(NIST) are using multi-spectral imaging?from orbiting satellites to provide detailed observations of the Earth, such as how our planet reacts to otherwise imperceptible changes in the Sun’s output. The data derived can help scientists create better climate models, which, in turn, can help us better manage our planetary resources.

The Earth’s Radiation Budget

DSCOVR?(the Deep Space Climate Observer), launched in 2015 in a partnership between the?National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration?(NOAA), NASA and the?U.S. Air Force, features the NIST Advanced Radiometer. The NISTAR systematically measures whether the Earth keeps more radiation that it sends back into space.

Calibrating an EPIC Camera for Accuracy

NISTAR is certainly impressive, tracking the total amount of energy the sunlit side of Earth reflects and emits between the wavelengths of 0.2 and 100 micrometers, which goes from visible light to a significant portion of the infrared and ultraviolet bands. The NISTAR readings were used to help calibrate the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC), and now NISTAR has topped the mission-mandated 1.5 percent absolute accuracy level.

Next up for NIST

Next up for NIST is the task of calibrating the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on a polar-orbiting weather satellite. Scientists hope that NIST will be successful in making it possible to measure three overlapping wavelength bands in order to distinguish the Earth’s radiant power from reflected solar energy. Once this is accomplished, climatologists will have much better data to study and from which to draw climate-impact conclusions. The first launch in the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), weather satellite series is slated for November 2016.

Spectral Imaging Innovations

The use of?spectral imaging?to improve image analysis, and specifically to allow discrimination between visually identical objects, is steadily growing. Gooch & Housego is proud to contribute to valuable research being done through multi-spectral and hyperspectral imaging, and can partner with you in your spectral imaging endeavors.



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